References for Pre-Op Internal Medicine (POM) Clinic at 
Joseph Brant Hospital 🔒

Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management for Patients Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery - Canadian Journal of Cardiology 

https://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(16)30980-1/fulltext

Revised Cardiac Risk Index score

• History of ischemic heart disease
• History of congestive heart failure
• History of cerebrovascular disease
• Use of insulin therapy for diabetes
• Preoperative serum creatinine > 177 μmol/L
• High-risk surgery